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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

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Article, Chapter, or Book Title:  A single-laboratory validated method for the generation of DNA barcodes for the identification of fish for regulatory compliance.
 
Author(s):  Handy SM, Deeds JR, Ivanova NV, Hebert PD, Hanner RH, Ormos A, Weigt LA, Moore MM, Yancy HF
 
Year:  2011
 
Month:  Jan-Feb
 
Journal Abbrev, Book Title, or Conference:  J AOAC Int
 
Journal Full Name:  Journal of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) International
 
Issue:  1
 
Volume:  94
 
Start Page:  201
 
End Page:  210
 
Key Words:  US Food and Drug Administration, DNA Barcoding, fish species identification, cytochrome c oxidase subunit, mitochondrial gene, seafood
 
Abstract:  The U.S. Food and Drug Administration is responsible for ensuring that the nation's food supply is safe and accurately labeled. This task is particularly challenging in the case of seafood where a large variety of species are marketed, most is imported, and processed product is difficult to identify using traditional morphological methods. Reliable species identification is critical for both food borne illness investigations and for prevention of deceptive practices, such as those where species are intentionally mislabeled to circumvent import restrictions or for resale as species of higher value. New methods that allow accurate and rapid species identifications are needed, but any new methods to be used for regulatory compliance must be both standardized and adequately validated. "DNA barcoding" is a process by which species discriminations are achieved through the use of short, standardized gene fragments. For animals, a fragment (655 base pairs starting near the 5' end) of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 mitochondrial gene has been shown to provide reliable species level discrimination in most cases. We provide a protocol with single-laboratory validation for the generation of DNA barcodes suitable for the identification of seafood products, specifically fish, in a manner that is suitable for FDA regulatory use.
 
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