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Article, Chapter, or Book Title:  Demonstrating bioequivalence using clinical endpoint studies
 
Author(s):  Bermingham E, DelCastillo JRE, Lainesse C, Paloske K, and Radecki S
 
Year:  2012
 
Month:  Mar
 
Journal Abbrev, Book Title, or Conference:  J Vet Pharmacol Therap
 
Journal Full Name:  Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics
 
Volume:  35
 
Start Page:  31
 
End Page:  37
 
Key Words:  clinical endpoint studies, bioavailability, formulation, alternative solutions
 
Abstract:  For drug products not amenable to blood level studies, clinical endpoint studies have been used as an indirect measure of formulation difference in bioavailability between test and reference products. However, clinical endpoint studies are not as sensitive in detecting formulation differences as blood level studies and offer numerous challenges to both regulatory authorities and sponsors. The objective of this article is not to suggest new regulatory policies, but to explore new methodologies and alternative solutions to clinical endpoint bioequivalence (BE) studies, which are used when a blood level study is not considered to be appropriate. To achieve this objective, this article identifies situations where a clinical endpoint study might be appropriate, lists the advantages and disadvantages of this type of study design, and discusses possible alternative solutions. It is concluded that future evidence-based research is needed to explore new methodologies such as clinical trial simulations of various study designs, new statistical methods, and new in vitro methods to demonstrate BE.
 
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