|
|
| [Code of Federal Regulations] |
| [Title 21, Volume 8] |
| [CITE: 21CFR862] |
TITLE 21--FOOD AND DRUGS CHAPTER I--FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES
SUBCHAPTER H - MEDICAL DEVICES
| |
| PART 862 | CLINICAL CHEMISTRY AND CLINICAL TOXICOLOGY DEVICES |
|
|
|
|
Subpart C - Clinical Laboratory Instruments
|
|
Sec. 862.2050 General purpose laboratory equipment labeled or promoted for a specific medical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. General purpose laboratory equipment labeled or promoted for a specific medical use is a device that is intended to prepare or examine specimens from the human body and that is labeled or promoted for a specific medical use.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is identified in paragraph (a) of this section and is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9. The device is also exempt from the current good manufacturing practice requirements of the quality system regulation in part 820 of this chapter, with the exception of § 820.180, with respect to general requirements concerning records, and § 820.198, with respect to complaint files.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 66 FR 38788, July 25, 2001]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2100 Calculator/data processing module for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A calculator/data processing module for clinical use is an electronic device intended to process laboratory data.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 53 FR 21449, June 8, 1988; 66 FR 38788, July 25, 2001; 86 FR 20283, Apr. 19, 2021]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2120 Continuous glucose monitor data management system.
|
|
(a) Identification. A continuous glucose monitor data management system is an electronic device intended to acquire, process, and correlate retrospective data from a continuous glucose monitoring device. This device is intended to be used by patients or their healthcare providers when determining therapeutic strategies. A continuous glucose monitor data management system is not a drug dose calculator and does not provide treatment recommendations.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter, subject to the limitations in § 862.9.
[84 FR 57817, Oct. 29, 2019]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2140 Centrifugal chemistry analyzer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A centrifugal chemistry analyzer for clinical use is an automatic device intended to centrifugally mix a sample and a reagent and spectrophotometrically measure concentrations of the sample constituents. This device is intended for use in conjunction with certain materials to measure a variety of analytes.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2308, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2150 Continuous flow sequential multiple chemistry analyzer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A continuous flow sequential multiple chemistry analyzer for clinical use is a modular analytical instrument intended to simultaneously perform multiple chemical procedures using the principles of automated continuous flow systems. This device is intended for use in conjunction with certain materials to measure a variety of analytes.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2308, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2160 Discrete photometric chemistry analyzer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A discrete photometric chemistry analyzer for clinical use is a device intended to duplicate manual analytical procedures by performing automatically various steps such as pipetting, preparing filtrates, heating, and measuring color intensity. This device is intended for use in conjunction with certain materials to measure a variety of analytes. Different models of the device incorporate various instrumentation such as micro analysis apparatus, double beam, single, or dual channel photometers, and bichromatic 2-wavelength photometers. Some models of the device may include reagent-containing components that may also serve as reaction units.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2170 Micro chemistry analyzer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A micro chemistry analyzer for clinical use is a device intended to duplicate manual analytical procedures by performing automatically various steps such as pipetting, preparing filtrates, heating, and measuring color intensity. The distinguishing characteristic of the device is that it requires only micro volume samples obtainable from pediatric patients. This device is intended for use in conjunction with certain materials to measure a variety of analytes.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2230 Chromatographic separation material for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A chromatographic separation material for clinical use is a device accessory (e.g., ion exchange absorbents, ion exchagne resins, and ion papers) intended for use in ion exchange chromatography, a procedure in which a compound is separated from a solution.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 61 FR 1119, Jan. 16, 1996; 66 FR 38788, July 25, 2001]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2250 Gas liquid chromatography system for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A gas liquid chromatography system for clinical use is a device intended to separate one or more drugs or compounds from a mixture. Each of the constituents in a vaporized mixture of compounds is separated according to its vapor pressure. The device may include accessories such as columns, gases, column supports, and liquid coating.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2260 High pressure liquid chromatography system for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A high pressure liquid chromatography system for clinical use is a device intended to separate one or more drugs or compounds from a solution by processing the mixture of compounds (solutes) through a column packed with materials of uniform size (stationary phase) under the influence of a high pressure liquid (mobile phase). Separation of the solutes occurs either by absorption, sieving, partition, or selective affinity.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2265 High throughput genomic sequence analyzer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A high throughput genomic sequence analyzer for clinical use is an analytical instrument system intended to generate, measure and sort signals in order to analyze nucleic acid sequences in a clinical sample. The device may include a signal reader unit; reagent handling, dedicated instrument control, and other hardware components; raw data storage mechanisms; data acquisition software; and software to process detected signals.
(b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9. The special controls for this device are:
(1) The labeling for the instrument system must reference legally marketed pre-analytical and analytical reagents to be used with the instrument system and include or reference legally marketed analytical software that includes sequence alignment and variant calling functions, to be used with the instrument system.
(2) The labeling for the instrument system must include a description of the following information:
(i) The specimen type(s) validated as an appropriate source of nucleic acid for this instrument.
(ii) The type(s) of nucleic acids (e.g., germline DNA, tumor DNA) validated with this instrument.
(iii) The type(s) of sequence variations (e.g. single nucleotide variants, insertions, deletions) validated with this instrument.
(iv) The type(s) of sequencing (e.g., targeted sequencing) validated with this instrument.
(v) The appropriate read depth for the sensitivity claimed and validation information supporting those claims.
(vi) The nucleic acid extraction method(s) validated for use with the instrument system.
(vii) Limitations must specify the types of sequence variations that the instrument cannot detect with the claimed accuracy and precision (e.g., insertions or deletions larger than a certain size, translocations).
(viii) Performance characteristics of the instrument system must include:
(A) Reproducibility data generated using multiple instruments and multiple operators, and at multiple sites. Samples tested must include all claimed specimen types, nucleic acid types, sequence variation types, and types of sequencing. Variants queried shall be located in varying sequence context (e.g., different chromosomes, GC-rich regions). Device results shall be compared to reference sequence data with high confidence.
(B) Accuracy data for all claimed specimen types and nucleic acid types generated by testing a panel of well characterized samples to query all claimed sequence variation types, types of sequencing, and sequences located in varying sequence context (e.g., different chromosomes, GC-rich regions). The well-characterized sample panel shall include samples from at least two sources that have highly confident sequence based on well-validated sequencing methods. At least one reference source shall have sequence generated independently of the manufacturer with respect to technology and analysis. Percent agreement and percent disagreement with the reference sequences must be described for all regions queried by the instrument.
(C) If applicable, data describing endogenous or exogenous substances that may interfere with the instrument system.
(D) If applicable, data demonstrating the ability of the system to consistently generate an accurate result for a given sample across different indexing primer combinations.
(ix) The upper and lower limit of input nucleic acid that will achieve the claimed accuracy and reproducibility. Data supporting such claims must also be summarized.
[82 FR 13552, Mar. 14, 2017, as amended at 84 FR 71797, Dec. 30, 2019]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2270 Thin-layer chromatography system for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A thin-layer chromatography (TLC) system for clinical use is a device intended to separate one or more drugs or compounds from a mixture. The mixture of compounds is absorbed onto a stationary phase or thin layer of inert material (e.g., cellulose, alumina, etc.) and eluted off by a moving solvent (moving phase) until equilibrium occurs between the two phases.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9. Particular components of TLC systems, i.e., the thin-layer chromatography apparatus, TLC atomizer, TLC developing tanks, and TLC ultraviolet light, are exempt from the current good manufacturing practice requirements of the quality system regulation in part 820 of this chapter, with the exception of § 820.180 of this chapter, with respect to general requirements concerning records, and § 820.198 of this chapter, with respect to complaint files.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2300 Colorimeter, photometer, or spectrophotometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A colorimeter, a photometer, or a spectrophotometer for clinical use is an instrument intended to measure radiant energy emitted, transmitted, absorbed, or reflected under controlled conditions. The device may include a monochromator to produce light of a specific wavelength.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2310 Clinical sample concentrator.
|
|
(a) Identification. A clinical sample concentrator is a device intended to concentrate (by dialysis, evaporation, etc.) serum, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and other body fluids before the fluids are analyzed.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 60 FR 38899, July 28, 1995; 66 FR 38788, July 25, 2001]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2320 Beta or gamma counter for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A beta or gamma counter for clinical use is a device intended to detect and count beta or gamma radiation emitted by clinical samples. Clinical samples are prepared by addition of a radioactive reagent to the sample. These measurements are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of various disorders.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 60 FR 38900, July 28, 1995; 66 FR 38788, July 25, 2001]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2400 Densitometer/scanner (integrating, reflectance, TLC, or radiochromatogram) for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A densitometer/scanner (integrating, reflectance, thin-layer chromatography, or radiochromatogram) for clinical use is device intended to measure the concentration of a substance on the surface of a film or other support media by either a photocell measurement of the light transmission through a given area of the medium or, in the case of the radiochromatogram scanner, by measurement of the distribution of a specific radio-active element on a radiochromatogram.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2485 Electrophoresis apparatus for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. An electrophoresis apparatus for clinical use is a device intended to separate molecules or particles, including plasma proteins, lipoproteins, enzymes, and hemoglobulins on the basis of their net charge in specified buffered media. This device is used in conjunction with certain materials to measure a variety of analytes as an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of certain disorders.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 60 FR 38900, July 28, 1995; 66 FR 38788, July 25, 2001]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2500 Enzyme analyzer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. An enzyme analyzer for clinical use is a device intended to measure enzymes in plasma or serum by nonkinetic or kinetic measurement of enzyme-catalyzed reactions. This device is used in conjunction with certain materials to measure a variety of enzymes as an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of certain enzyme-related disorders.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2540 Flame emission photometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A flame emission photometer for clinical use is a device intended to measure the concentration of sodium, potassium, lithium, and other metal ions in body fluids. Abnormal variations in the concentration of these substances in the body are indicative of certain disorders (e.g., electrolyte imbalance and heavy metal intoxication) and are, therefore, useful in diagnosis and treatment of those disorders.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2560 Fluorometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A fluorometer for clinical use is a device intended to measure by fluorescence certain analytes. Fluorescence is the property of certain substances of radiating, when illuminated, a light of a different wavelength. This device is used in conjunction with certain materials to measure a variety of analytes.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2570 Instrumentation for clinical multiplex test systems.
|
|
(a) Identification. Instrumentation for clinical multiplex test systems is a device intended to measure and sort multiple signals generated by an assay from a clinical sample. This instrumentation is used with a specific assay to measure multiple similar analytes that establish a single indicator to aid in diagnosis. Such instrumentation may be compatible with more than one specific assay. The device includes a signal reader unit, and may also integrate reagent handling, hybridization, washing, dedicated instrument control, and other hardware components, as well as raw data storage mechanisms, data acquisition software, and software to process detected signals.
(b) Classification. Class II (special controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9. The special control is FDA's guidance document entitled "Class II Special Controls Guidance Document: Instrumentation for Clinical Multiplex Test Systems." See § 862.1(d) for the availability of this guidance document.
[70 FR 11868, Mar. 10, 2005, as amended at 84 FR 71797, Dec. 30, 2019]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2680 Microtitrator for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A microtitrator for clinical use is a device intended for use in micronanalysis to measure the concentration of a substance by reacting it with a measure "micro" volume of a known standardized solution.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2700 Nephelometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A nephelometer for clinical use is a device intended to estimate the concentration of particles in a suspension by measuring their light scattering properties (the deflection of light rays by opaque particles in their path). The device is used in conjunction with certain materials to measure the concentration of a variety of analytes.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2720 Plasma oncometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A plasma oncometer for clinical use is a device intended to measure plasma oncotic pressure, which is that portion of the total plasma osmotic pressure contributed by protein and other molecules too large to pass through a specified semipermeable membrane. Because variations in plasma oncotic pressure are indications of certain disorders, measurements of the variations are useful in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 60 FR 38900, July 28, 1995; 66 FR 38788, July 25, 2001]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2730 Osmometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. An osmometer for clinical use is a device intended to measure the osmotic pressure of body fluids. Osmotic pressure is the pressure required to prevent the passage of a solution with a lesser solute concentration into a solution with greater solute concentration when the two solutions are separated by a semipermeable membrane. The concentration of a solution affects its osmotic pressure, freezing point, and other physiochemical properties. Osmometers determine osmotic pressure by methods such as the measurement of the freezing point. Measurements obtained by this device are used in the diagnosis and treatment of body fluid disorders.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2750 Pipetting and diluting system for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A pipetting and diluting system for clinical use is a device intended to provide an accurately measured volume of liquid at a specified temperature for use in certain test procedures. This generic type of device system includes serial, manual, automated, and semi-automated dilutors, pipettors, dispensers, and pipetting stations.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2800 Refractometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A refractometer for clinical use is a device intended to determine the amount of solute in a solution by measuring the index of refraction (the ratio of the velocity of light in a vacuum to the velocity of light in the solution). The index of refraction is used to measure the concentration of certain analytes (solutes), such a plasma total proteins and urinary total solids. Measurements obtained by this device are used in the diagnosis and treatment of certain conditions.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 60 FR 38900, July 28, 1995; 66 FR 38788, July 25, 2001]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2850 Atomic absorption spectrophotometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer for clinical use is a device intended to identify and measure elements and metals (e.g., lead and mercury) in human specimens. The metal elements are identified according to the wavelength and intensity of the light that is absorbed when the specimen is converted to the atomic vapor phase. Measurements obtained by this device are used in the diagnosis and treatment of certain conditions.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2860 Mass spectrometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A mass spectrometer for clinical use is a device intended to identify inorganic or organic compounds (e.g., lead, mercury, and drugs) in human specimens by ionizing the compound under investigation and separating the resulting ions by means of an electrical and magnetic field according to their mass.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2900 Automated urinalysis system.
|
|
(a) Identification. An automated urinalysis system is a device intended to measure certain of the physical properties and chemical constituents of urine by procedures that duplicate manual urinalysis systems. This device is used in conjunction with certain materials to measure a variety of urinary analytes.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 65 FR 2309, Jan. 14, 2000]
|
|
|
Sec. 862.2920 Plasma viscometer for clinical use.
|
|
(a) Identification. A plasma viscometer for clinical use is a device intended to measure the viscosity of plasma by determining the time period required for the plasma to flow a measured distance through a calibrated glass tube. Measurements obtained by this device are used to monitor changes in the amount of solids present in plasma in various disorders.
(b) Classification. Class I (general controls). The device is exempt from the premarket notification procedures in subpart E of part 807 of this chapter subject to the limitations in § 862.9.
[52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, as amended at 60 FR 38900, July 28, 1995; 66 FR 38788, July 25, 2001]
|
|
|
Authority: 21 U.S.C. 351, 360, 360c, 360e, 360j, 360l, 371.
Source: 52 FR 16122, May 1, 1987, unless otherwise noted.
|
|
