Related manufacturing ref: 3005334138-2021-00340.The following was posted in the department of cardiology, rabin medical center, 39 jabotinsky st., petach tikva 4941492, israel; and affiliated to the faculty of medicine, tel aviv university, tel aviv, israel received 24 october 2020; first decision 8 december 2021; accepted 9 april 2021 "management of ascending aorta perforation during transseptal puncture for left atrial appendage closure: a case report".An (b)(6) female with a history of atrial fibrillation and repeated episodes of major bleeding on direct oral anticoagulant therapy, with a high risk for thromboembolism and was referred for left atrial appendage closure.The procedure was performed under transesophageal echocardiography (tee) guidance.There was no left atrial appendage thrombus.Transseptal puncture was performed by the brk-1 xs needle and swartz sl1 transseptal guiding introducer.However, during transseptal puncture, no clear tenting of the septum was visualized under tee guidance.Following transseptal puncture, intraprocedural tee showed a perforation into the ascending aorta had occurred, with the sheath placed in the ascending aorta.This was confirmed with aortic pressure signals and contrast fluoroscopy.The patient was hemodynamically stable and there was no evidence of a pericardial effusion on tee.This perforation was closed percutaneously using an amplatzer duct occluder (ado).Reversal of heparinization with protamine sulphate was given to avoid intractable bleeding.However, this resulted in thrombus formation and subsequent embolization causing an st-elevation myocardial infarction.This was treated with balloon dilation and thrombus aspiration with subsequent thrombolysis in myocardial infarction 3 flow.The patient stabilized within a few hours and the intra-aortic balloon pump was removed.The patient was discharged within a few days.Following the procedure, the patient was treated with 3 months of clopidogrel therapy at a dose of 75mg daily, together with long-term low-dose apixaban (2.5mg twice daily).Five months later, the patient was re-admitted due to generalized weakness.Her hemoglobin had remained stable and an echocardiogram showed the ado in situ.She was diagnosed with a metastatic lymphoproliferative malignancy and died shortly thereafter.
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