Three months after an initial coronary intervention a patient was returned for a planned pci of a distal rca stenosis.A 6 french al 0.75 guide catheter (medtronic) was advanced over an exchange length 0.035 j-wire, but could not be delivered to the ascending aorta due to resistance in the brachiocephalic artery.The guide was removed and exchanged for a 6 french jr 4 guide catheter (medtronic) which was easily advanced into the ascending aorta and used to engage the ostium of the rca without complication.Immediately following completion of the procedure, the patient reported an episode of chest discomfort, a new cough, bilateral expiratory wheezes, and respiratory stridor.A transient episode of hypotension was noted but resolved without intervention.Based on the chest radiography finding, trans-esophageal echocardiography (tee) was urgently performed.Echocardiography revealed no evidence of aortic dissection, but vague echodensities were noted anterior to the right heart suggestive of a hematoma.The chest ct revealed a large hyperdense region surrounding the trachea suggestive of an anterior mediastinal hematoma, resulting in severe airway compression.A repeat ct of the chest with administration of intravenous contrast was notable for a small pseudoaneurysm arising from the inferior aspect of the brachiocephalic artery, as well as significant narrowing of the distal trachea below the endotracheal tube.The decision was made to pursue endovascular repair of the brachiocephalic artery pseudoaneurysm and presumed site of vascular perforation.Angiography of the brachiocephalic artery was performed, which confirmed the presence of a brachiocephalic artery pseudoaneurysm.A non-medtronic covered stent was deployed across the neck of the pseudoaneurysm.Following the intervention, there was an excellent angiographic result with preserved subclavian and carotid runoff.
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