It was reported in a journal article with title: pain after open preperitoneal repair versus lichtenstein repair: a randomized trial.The purpose of this trial was to compare an open preperitoneal to an open anterior approach in terms of chronic pain, as such a study has not been reported before.Between dec2004 and sep2005, 172 patients with primary unilateral inguinal hernia were randomly underwent either open preperitoneal kugel (n=86; n=85 male and n=1 female; mean age of 55.6 years [sd15.8]; mean bmi of 25.1 kg/m2 [sd2.9])or the standard open anterior lichtenstein procedure (n=86; n=85 male and n=1 female; mean age of 54.4 years [sd13.6]; mean bmi of 25.4 kg/m2 [sd2.7]).In lichtenstein procedure, a 6x11 cm prolene mesh was trimmed to fit the inguinal floor, as necessary.The mesh was sutured to the ligament of poupart with a non-absorbable suture and secured cranially using an absorbable suture.In lichtenstein procedure, complications included hematoma (n=14), infection (n=5), dysejaculation (n=1), swelling/bulging (n=12) and urinary frequency (n=1) which ct scan showed mesh on the bladder, treated with removal of the preperitoneal mesh resolved the problem and definitive hernia repair was planned.Two recurrences were recorded treated with reoperation (n=? unspecified per group).This recurrences were regarded as technical failure.The level of experience of the supervising surgeon was not specified, and it is therefore possible that a procedure carried out under less experienced supervision might have failed, thereby contributing to the recurrence rate.The kugel procedure is a feasible alternative for the standard lichtenstein procedure and is associated with less chronic pain at three months.Most likely the neuropathic pain and numbness with the lichtenstein technique are results of more nerves at risk with the anterior approach.
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