The cause of explant of the 6 year old valve was unknown.Morphological and histopathological examination found leaflet 1 had been partially excised.Leaflets 2 and 3 contained tears.Stent post 1 was bent and leaflet 1 contained an tool impression at this post, consistent with explant damage.The outflow of stent post 2 was covered in pannus.No inflammation or significant calcifications were present.In the absence of any calcification or evidence of infection, the reported event is consistent with a non-calcific leaflet tear.A non-calcific leaflet tear is a form of structural valve deterioration (svd), which is a well-known complication from valve replacement surgery.A non-calcific leaflet tear is commonly attributed to increased operational leaflet stress but may also be related to biological factors which result in tissue degeneration characterized by loss of collagen.In this case, histological evaluation did not demonstrate loss of collagen at the tear site and the cause of the leaflet tear could not be conclusively determined; however, the tissue ingrowth at stent post 2 had the potential to induce increased stress on adjacent leaflets and create an unbalanced stress relief distribution between all leaflets during coaptation, leading to leaflet tears and reduced durability.
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