The article 'minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using augmented reality surgical navigation for percutaneous pedicle screw placement' in clinical spine surgery, volume 34, number 7, august 2021, was reviewed.The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of percutaneous pedicle screw placement using augmented reality surgical navigation during minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (tlif).The study assessed percutaneous pedicle screw placement in 20 consecutive patients who underwent single-level minimally invasive tlif using augmented reality surgical navigation.Facet joint violation and depression by the inserted pedicle screws were evaluated.Secondary outcome such as radiation dose exposure, fluoroscopy time, and operative time were collected for 3 phases of surgery: preparation phase, pedicle screw placement, and decompression with cage placement.All cases utilized the es2 system.A total of 80 percutaneous pedicle screws (4 per patient) were placed in 20 patients with a majority of l4¿ l5 fusion (70%).There were 15 females and 5 males with an average age of 69.5 ± 9.8 years.The rate of accurately placed pedicle screws (grades 0 and 1) was 94%.There was no severe violation above 4 mm (grade 3), 16% of the screws breached the pedicle < 2 mm (grade 1) and 6% between 2 and 4 mm (grade 2), respectively.Among the 18 breaches, 3 (17%) were caudal or medial, the rest were cranial or lateral.No endplate violation was observed in case of cranial or caudal trajectory misalignment.One medial breach was a grade 2 demonstrating a 2 mm breach of a l5 pedicle which was deemed intraoperatively during subsequent decompression and tlif placement as safe and not requiring revision.Intra-articular facet joint violation was observed for 1 screw.This report captures 18 pedicle breaches; 3 caudal/medial, 15 cranial/lateral.Because limited information is available about each individual event, per fda guidance, one mdr is being submitted to capture these 18 serious injuries.
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