The results of this investigation concluded fibrous thickening of cusps 2 and 3, tear in cusp 1, thin fibrous pannus ingrowth on cusp 2, and tiny nodular calcification in cusp 3.Special stains were negative for organisms, and no acute inflammation was present.There was no evidence found to suggest the cause of the fibrin, pannus, calcification, and cuspal tear were due to an intrinsic defect in the valve, as supported by review of the valve's device history record and the analysis performed.The cause of the fibrin, pannus, calcification, and cuspal tear remains unknown.
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