(b)(4).The results of this investigation concluded fibrous pannus ingrowth on the inflow surface of all cusps, and a thin layer of fibrin on all cusps.Special stains were negative for organisms, and no acute inflammation or significant calcifications were present.There was no evidence found to suggest the cause of the fibrin and pannus formation were due to an intrinsic defect in the valve, as supported by review of the valve's device history record and the analysis performed.The cause of the fibrin and pannus formation remains unknown.
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