(b)(4).The results of this investigation concluded the cusps were received fragmented with all cusps partially excised; there was mild fibrous thickening of the undesignated detached cusps, perforations measuring 1-2 mm on the two undesignated cusps, and a thin layer of fibrin on all cusps.Special stains were negative for organisms, and no acute inflammation or significant calcifications were present.There was no evidence found to suggest the cause of the fibrin formation and perforations were due to an intrinsic defect in the valve, as supported by review of the valve's device history record and the analysis performed.The cause of the fibrin formation and perforations remains unknown.
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