Echocardiograms revealed elevated gradients and stenosis caused by calcification.Re-do aortic valve replacement and tricuspid valve repair was performed.During the explant procedure, stenosis and calcification were observed on the valve.A 23 mm pericardial valve from another manufacturer was implanted.A permanent pacemaker was implanted on (b)(6) 2014 due to complete heart block.The hospital's pathology report noted calcification, moderate pannus, an area consistent with a tear, and one cusp with limited mobility.It was reported the patient was discharged from the hospital.
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(b)(4).The results of this investigation concluded fibrous thickening of all cusps, nodular calcifications within the tissue of each cusp, fibrous pannus ingrowth on the outflow surface of cusps 2 and 3, and a tear in cusp 1.Special stains were negative for organisms, and no acute inflammation was present.There was no evidence found to suggest the cause of the fibrous thickening, pannus formation, calcification formation, and cuspal tear were due to an intrinsic defect in the valve, as supported by review of the valve's device history record and the analysis performed.The cause of the fibrous thickening, pannus formation, calcification formation, and cuspal tear remains unknown.
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