Product analysis: upon receipt at medtronic¿s quality laboratory, the device was received in a clear solution in a specimen jar.The valve was discolored showing evidence of blood contact.The carbon component showed traces of biological material.Two remnants of native tissue were received with the valve.Two remnants of host tissue were received with the valve for analysis.Tears were observed on the sewing ring.A remnant of a green multifilament suture remained attached to the valve.The disc appeared intact with no visible evidence of damage such as cracks and/or surface anomalies.The disc rotated without difficulty.The disc moved to fully open and close under its own weight.The housing appeared intact with no visible evidence of damage.A remnant of glistening off white pannus remained attached to the sewing ring on the outflow extending slightly over the outflow orifice.A trace of pannus was observed on the inflow.Two remnants of pannus were received with the valve.An unknown amount of pannus appeared to have been removed on the inflow and outflow during explant.Radiography showed no evidence of mineralization in the valve and/or host tissue.Radiography showed no evidence of fractures in the housing.Conclusion: investigation results indicated that a conclusive cause of the reported event could not be determined.However, pannus was observed on sewing ring/outflow and inflow.Also an unknown amount of pannus appeared to have been removed on the inflow and outflow during explant.Pannus overgrowth would have impaired the leaflet mobility.The impairment of leaflet mobility may have led to the high gradient.
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Medtronic received information that eleven years, ten months post implant of this mechanical valve, the gradients across the valve measured 40mmhg, and the patient was symptomatic upon exertion.The echocardiogram showed the valve leaflets appeared to be moving without obstruction.Mean gradients were measured by tte six years post-implant at 36 mmhg; peak gradients were measured at 64 mmhg.Peak gradients were measured by tte twelve years post-implant at 90 mmhg, and mean gradients were measured at 54 mmhg.The patient presented with aortic stenosis, but no definitive cause of the elevated gradients was ascertained.This valve was explanted approximately twelve years, one month post-implant and was replaced with a non-medtronic bioprosthetic valve.No other adverse patient effects were reported.
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