Histological exam was sent to livanova on feb 17, 2017: histological analyses were performed on samples taken from leaflets b and c.In leaflets b and c, alizarin red s stain showed the presence of intrinsic calcifications.Pericardial folds were detected on leaflets b and c.In leaflets b and c, hematoxylin and eosin stain showed that the collagen bundles were disrupted and homogenated.The pericardium of leaflet a was slightly thicker than normal.Red blood cells were visible on leaflets b and c.Pericardial delaminations were detected on leaflets b and c.An amorphous tissue was visible inside fibrin deposits that were present on the mediastinic surface of leaflet c.In leaflets b and c, gram stain showed some gram + bacteria.It is possible that the patient¿s clinical history and risk factors may have contributed to the structural valve deterioration observed in this mitroflow valve.However, little clinical history was provided.
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As reported in the scientific literature, structural dysfunction is the major cause of failure of bioprosthetic heart valves and the principal underlying pathologic process is cuspal calcification.Calcification can also cause stenosis due to cuspal stiffening.Calcific deposits are usually localized to cuspal tissue (intrinsic calcification).Histological analysis identified gram positive bacteria on the pericardium but not inside the pericardium.It is possible that the patient¿s clinical history and risk factors may have contributed to the structural valve deterioration observed in this mitroflow valve.However, little clinical history was provided.
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