On (b)(6) 2013, a bentall procedure was performed and this 25 mm epic valve was implanted in the aortic position.In (b)(6) 2017, signs of prosthetic valve endocarditis (pve) were observed.On an unknown date, aortic regurgitation (ar) was reported and a leaflet tear and vegetation were suspected although the tear was not confirmed on echo.No bacterium was detected.During a redo procedure on (b)(6) 2017, the three cusps were removed; however, the stent post was left in place as the physician believed the native annulus was too vulnerable to remove the entire epic valve.A 16 mm ap360 ats mechanical valve was implanted within the epic stent frame.Ex vivo, neither thrombus nor vegetation was present although per report, each commissure appeared brown in color.Also, a tear between the ncc and lcc toward the nadir of the ncc was observed prior to explant.
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