Pt had a fistulogram.Under ultrasound guidance, the cephalic vein was accessed.A 6-french microsheath was placed.The fistulogram and central venogram showed that there was no central venous stenosis, but there was an outflow stenosis of the cephalic vein.An upper extremity angiogram showed no inflow stenosis and anastomosis was widely patent.We gave heparin then upsized the sheath to a 6-french.A regalia wire was used to cross the stenosis.We then ballooned it with a 4 x 150 balloon.We then exchanged for a stiffer astato wire and then used a 6 x 150 viabahn endoprosthesis to cover the area of balloon angioplasty completion.This viabahn stent failed to deploy.He replaced it with another 6 x 150 viabahn stent which showed excellent results.The sheath was removed and a purse [invalid] suture was used for hemostasis.He tolerated the procedure well with good pulses.
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