Additional manufacturer narrative: patient prosthesis mismatch (ppm) is present when the effective orifice area of the inserted prosthetic valve is too small in relation to body size.Its main hemodynamic consequence is to generate higher than expected gradients through a normally functioning prosthetic valve.Ppm has been shown to be associated with worse hemodynamic function, less regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, more cardiac events, and lower survival.High gradient can be a result of possible valve related and/or non-valve related issues.Higher than expected gradient may require surgical/percutaneous intervention.Also, there can be several root causes of leaflet immobility or leaflet restriction; where the leaflet or leaflets are not functioning as intended leading to regurgitation.Stenosis, which develops progressively over time, can be due to a number of issues.Additionally, there can be a number of potential known and unknown patient related contributing factors.Structural valve deterioration (svd) is the most common reason for bioprosthesis explants and encompasses multiple failure modes, including calcification, non-calcific degeneration, dehiscence, cusp thickening or fibrosis, or a combination of these.Such failure modes may occur singularly or concomitantly, may contribute to stenosis and/or regurgitation.Alternatively, the nonstructural dysfunction (nsvd) may also play a role in the development of valvular stenosis.The root cause of this event cannot be determined with the available information.However, this event was most likely impacted by patient and/or procedural related factors.The device history record (dhr) review was completed and this device passed all manufacturing and sterilization inspections prior to release for distribution.There were no issues identified that would have impacted this event.Edwards will continue to review and monitor all reported events.Trends are monitored on a monthly basis and if action is required, appropriate investigation will be performed.
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