Per literature review, it was reported that: at gunma prefectural cardiovascular center from september 2019 to november 2020, 157 patients were enrolled to this study who were scheduled to undergo an initial extensive pvi of af guided by the rhythmia system, using the intellanav mifi open-irrigated ablation catheter.All patients underwent transesophageal and or intracardiac echocardiography to rule out any intracardiac thrombi before the ablation procedure and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (ct) or plain magnetic resonance (mr) imaging for assessment of the pulmonary vein and left atrium anatomy.During the ablation procedure, the activated clotting time was maintained between 300 and 400 s by a continuous and additional bolus heparin infusion.All patients received deep conscious sedation throughout the procedure using propofol or dexmedetomidine, and pentazocine.The catheter was introduced into the left atrium through three transseptal sheaths (non-boston scientific brand).The pvo started in an order from right pulmonary veins (rpv) to left pulmonary veins (lpv) in 76 patients and from the lpvs to rpvs in 81 patients and was successfully completed in all patients.A total of 28 patients underwent additional ablation procedures other than the pvi and cavo tricuspid isthmus linear ablation.Procedure-related complications occurred in four patients: a cardiac tamponade in one, which could be managed with percutaneous pericardial drainage, gastric hypomotility in two, which spontaneously resolved, and a femoral hematoma in one, which could be managed with a local pressure application.All endocardial residual and reconnected gaps were successfully eliminated with rf applications at the gap sites on the initial pvi lines.Nakamura k, sasaki t, minami k, et al., prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of endocardial and non-endocardial conduction gaps during local impedance-guided extensive pulmonary vein isolation of atrial fibrillation with high-resolution mapping.J cardiovasc electrophysiol.2021;32: 2045-2059.Https://doi.Org/10.1111/jce.15152.
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