Olympus reviewed the following literature "underwater endoscopic mucosal resection with submucosal injection and marking' for superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors to achieve r0 resection: a single-center case series." abstract objectives: to describe an endoscopic technique named ¿underwater endoscopic mucosal resection (uemr) with submucosal injection and marking (uemr-sim)¿ and to evaluate the therapeutic characteristics of superficial non-ampullary duodenal epithelial tumors (snadets) < 20mm vis-a-vis classical emr (cemr) and uemr techniques.Materials and methods: this retrospective study included 103 consecutive snadet patients (103 lesions) who underwent cemr, uemr, or uemr-sim.The uemr-sim procedure included (1) marking and submucosal injection, (2) filling of the duodenal lumen with 0.9% saline, (3) snaring of the lesion, and (4) electrosurgical removal.The procedural outcomes were compared between the uemr-sim and other-procedure groups.Results: the en bloc resection rate was significantly higher in the uemr-sim group (100%) than in the cemr group (76.8%) (p.0.015) but was not statistically different between the uemr-sim and uemr groups (88.0%) (p.0.236).The r0 resection rate was significantly higher in the uemr-sim group (90.9%) than in the uemr group (48.0%) (p.0.001) but was not statistically different between the uemr-sim and cemr groups (76.8%) (p.0.209).¿type of adverse events/number of patients¿ delayed bleeding (1) the delayed-bleeding case was an 8-mm flat lesion in the second portion of the duodenum in a 70-year-old man who had been taking warfarin due to atrial fibrillation.Cemr was performed with continued warfarin therapy, and the mucosal defect was completely closed.However, delayed bleeding occurred 3 and 6 days post-cemr, requiring endoscopic hemostasis twice and hospitalization for 18 days.Only one case showed a local recurrence after 32.4 months in the cemr group, whereas no local recurrences were observed in the uemr and uemr-sim groups.The local recurrence was successfully treated with salvage endoscopic mucosal dissection (esd).
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