It was reported via literature entitled: risk factors and management of conversions to an open approach in laparoscopic liver resection: analysis of 265 consecutive cases authors: roberto i.Troisi, roberto montalti, jurgen g.M.Van limmen, daniele cavaniglia, koen reyntjens, xavier rogiers and bernard de hemptinne.Citation: hpb 2014, 16, 75¿82; doi:10.1111/hpb.12077.This study aimed to identify predictive factors of conversion to an open approach on 265 laparoscopic liver resections performed over an 8-year period, focusing on causes of conversion, technical issues and outcomes.Between january 2004 and december 2011, 265 liver resections (age 55.7 ± 16 years) were performed by laparoscopy.Parenchymal division was almost exclusively performed using a surgical aspirator and the harmonic scalpel (ultracision; ethicon endosurgery, cleveland, oh, usa) for the glissonian approach.Larger vascular and biliary structures were controlled with endoclips (hem-o-lock clips) or vascular staplers (endogia; ethicon).Complications included biliary fistulae (n=4), pneumonia (n=5), ileus (n=4), biliary leak (n=4), ascites (n=4), bleeding (n=3), pleural effusion (n=3), fluid collections (n=2), lung embolism (n=1), wound hematoma (n=1), pancreatitis (n=1), cholangitis (n=1), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ards) (n=1), bowel perforation (n=1), stapler failure (n=1).In conclusion, llr can be safely performed with low overall morbidity.According to this experience and irrespective of the learning curve, resections of p-s segments were identified as an independent risk factor for conversion in llr.
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