Scientific Publications by FDA Staff

Clin Vaccine Immunol 2017 Jan 5;24(1):e00370-16

Use of a toxin neutralization assay to characterize the serologic response to adenylate cyclase toxin after infection with Bordetella pertussis.

Eby JC, Gray MC, Warfel JM, Merkel TJ, Hewlett EL

ACT is an essential virulence factor of Bordetella pertussis and antibodies to ACT protect against B. pertussis infection in mice. The toxin is, therefore, a strong candidate antigen for addition to future acellular pertussis vaccines. In order to characterize the functionality of the immunologic response to ACT after infection, we have developed an assay for testing the ability of serum samples from subjects infected with B. pertussis to neutralize ACT-induced cytotoxicity in J774 macrophage cells. Baboons develop neutralizing anti-ACT antibodies following infection with B. pertussis, and all sera from baboons with positive anti-ACT IgG ELISA neutralized ACT cytotoxicity. The toxin neutralization assay (TNA) was positive in some baboon sera in which ELISA remained negative. Of serum samples obtained from humans diagnosed with pertussis by polymerase chain reaction, anti-ACT IgG ELISA was positive in 72% and TNA was positive in 83%. All samples positive for anti-ACT IgG ELISA were positive by TNA and none of the samples from humans without pertussis neutralized toxin activity. These findings indicate that antibodies to ACT generated following infection with B. pertussis consistently neutralize toxin-induced cytotoxicity, and that TNA can be used to improve understanding of the immunologic response to ACT after infection or vaccination.