It was reported in a literature article by rosas et al.Titled, "early failures of polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implant for the treatment of hallux rigidus" that 15 patients following a polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel implant for the treatment of hallux rigidus.Of 14 patients who had taken adequate postoperative plain radiographs, implant subsidence was observed in 9 patients (64%) at 4 weeks after surgery and 11 patients (79%) at final follow-up.Eight patients (57%) showed radiologic lucency around the implant.Six patients (40%) had erosion of the proximal phalanx of great toe.Six patients (43%) reported no improvement following surgery at final follow up.Three patients required additional surgery, including debridement and fixation of implant using fibrin glue for loosening.
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