Literature review identifies flap failures in a retrospective study conducted between 2001 and 2011.The cook doppler was used to monitor all buried flap procedures, where three of the flaps failed.In review of the 134 buried free flaps performed by levine and his team, for single-stage breast reconstruction mastectomy, the incidence of significant complications was low.Four flaps underwent reexploration for venous obstruction.Of those, three flaps(2.2%) ultimately failed and were debrided.Tissue expanders were placed at the time of the flap take-back.Two failed flaps were ultimately replaced with implants and the other flap underwent transverse upper gracilis flap reconstruction.
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