Joseph, j.R., smith, b.W., patel, r.D., <(>&<)>amp; park, p.(2016).Use of 3d ct-based navigation in minimally invasive lateral lumbar interbody fusion.Journal of neurosurgery: spine, 25(3), 339¿344.Https://doi.Org/10.3171/2016.2.Spine151295.Summary: objective: lateral lumbar interbody fusion (llif) is an increasingly popular technique used to treat degenerative lumbar disease.The technique of using an intraoperative cone-beam ct (icbct) and an image-guided navigation system (igns) for llif cage placement has been previously described.However, other than a small feasibility study, there has been no clinical study evaluating its accuracy or safety.Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy and safety of image-guided spinal navigation in llif.Methods: an analysis of a prospectively acquired database was performed.Thirty-one consecutive patients were identified.Accuracy was initially determined by comparison of the planned trajectory of the igns with post¿cage placement intraoperative fluoroscopy.Accuracy was subsequently confirmed by postprocedural ct and/or radiography.Cage placement was graded based on a previously described system separating the disc space into quarters.Results: the mean patient age was 63.9 years.A total of 66 spinal levels were treated, with a mean of 2.1 levels (range 1¿4) treated per patient.Cage placement was noted to be accurate using igns in each case, as confirmed with intraoperative fluoroscopy and postoperative imaging.Sixty-four (97%) cages were placed within quarters 1 to 2 or 2 to 3, indicating placement of the cage in the anterior or middle portions of the disc space.There were no instances of misguidance by igns.There was 1 significant approach-related complication (psoas muscle abscess) that required intervention, and 8 patients with transient, mild thigh paresthesias or weakness.Conclusions: llif can be safely and accurately performed utilizing icbct and igns.Accuracy is acceptable for multilevel procedures.Reported event: thirty one patients with a histology of degenerative lumbar disease underwent a lateral lumbar interbody fusion.One patient developed a psoas muscle abscess.Two patients had a myocardial infarction, with one being a non-st-segment elevation associated with atrial fibrillation and rapid ventricular response.One patient developed the miller-fisher variant of acute with intermittent demyelinating polyneuropathy.Another patient developed urinary retention.All the above patients made a full recovery with no residual effects.One patient's procedure was aborted due to an endplate fracture that occurred during disc preparation.See attached article.
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