Olympus reviewed the following literature titled, "endoscopic bridge-and-seal of bile leaks using a fully covered self-expandable metallic stent above the papilla".Background/aims: endoscopic management by endoscopic sphincterotomy with or without plastic stents or fully covered self-expandable metallic stents (fcsemss) is widely accepted as the current standard of care for postoperative bile leaks.Biliary stents are placed across the papilla, not above the papilla.We investigated the safety and effectiveness of the bridge-and-seal technique for bile leaks by the placement of fcsems above the papilla.Methods: this was a retrospective study of fcsems placement above the papilla for bile leaks between (b)(6) 2016 and (b)(6) 2021.Fcsems was placed above the papilla to bridge and seal the leak.The main outcome measures were the resolution of bile leaks and adverse events.Results: seven patients with postoperative bile leaks underwent fcsems above the papilla.The locations of bile leaks were 1 cystic duct remnant; 2 intrahepatic bile duct; 1 hepatic duct; 2 common bile duct and 1 anastomosis.The technical success rate of fcsems placement was 100%, and resolution of bile leaks was achieved in five patients (71.4%).All the adverse events were observed after fcsems removal; as follows: 1 moderate cholangitis; 2 mild post-ercp pancreatitis; and 1 mild remnant cholecystitis.Conclusions: fcsems placement above the papilla can be a treatment option for postoperative bile leaks.Type of adverse events/number of patients: patient of case 2 with pancreatitis, patient of case 3 with cholangitis and pancreatitis, patient of case 6 with remnant cholecystitis.This literature article requires 3 reports.The related patient identifiers are as follows: 1, (b)(6) (tjf-260v for case 2), 2, (b)(6) (tjf-260v for case 3), 3, (b)(6) (tjf-260v for case 6).This medwatch report is for patient identifier: (b)(6).There is no report of any olympus device malfunction in any procedure described in this study.
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This report is being supplemented to provide additional information based on the legal manufacturer's final investigation.The device history record was unable to be reviewed for this device since the serial and/or lot number was not provided.However, olympus only releases products to market that meet all manufacturing specifications and final product release criteria.Based on the results of the investigation, the relationship between the device and the adverse event cannot be confirmed.There was no complaint reported on the subject device.There is no evidence of an olympus device malfunction.Therefore, the root cause cannot be determined.Olympus will continue to monitor field performance for this device.
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