Abaunza-camacho, j.F., vergara-garcia, d., perez, f., benavides, c., caballero, a., torres, j., riveros, w.M.(2021).Emergent hybrid treatment of a ruptured scalp arteriovenous fistula with eyelid involvement: technical note.Journal of neurological surgery.Part a, central european neurosurgery, 82(5), 490¿493.Https://doi.Org/10.1055/s-0041-1723848.Medtronic review of the literature article found that a 19-year-old female patient presented at the emergency department with profuse facial hemorrhage from a 2cm laceration in the left orbitozygomatic region.The patient reported a 5 year history of an untreated vascular lesion in the left upper eyelid related to a trauma injury in the same region during childhood.The patient was tachycardic with normal blood pressure, and no neurological focal signs.2 units of red blood cells were administered and compressive dressings were applied.The patient was emergently taken to the neuroangiography suite where a left scalp arteriovenous fistula (avf) was identified and classified as a yokouchi type c avf which signified multiple avfs were actually involved and the case was unique due to the involved left eyelid.The patient underwent an onyx embolization of the middle meningeal, superficial temporal, and auricular posterior arteries.A 60% reduction in the total flow of the fistula and control of the hemorrhage was achieved.However, post-operatively, recurrent bleeding episodes from the patient's eyelid laceration were observed so the patient was again taken to the operating room and combined endovascular-microvascular treatment was performed.First, onyx embolization of the superior arterial branch from the left ophthalmic artery was completed with significantly decreased the shunt flow without compromising normal eye irrigation.After onyx embolization, microvascular resection of the scalp avf was achieved by excision and draining of the main vein.Post-operative angiography showed resolution of the scalp fistula.However, there was a small residual left eyelid avf.The patient had an excellent recovery with no visual deficit or new bleeding episodes.The patient was offered close follow-up for monitoring of the residual left eyelid avf.
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