Romito, l.M., zorzi, g., marras, c.E., franzini, a., nardocci, n., albanese, a.Pallidal stimulation for acquired dystonia due to cerebral palsy: beyond 5 years.European journal of neurology : the official journal of the european federation of neurological societies.2014:doi:10.1111/ene.12596.Summary: there is increasing evidence that deep brain stimulation (dbs) of the globus pallidus internus (gpi) is effective in patients with idiopathic or inherited generalized dystonia.There is comparatively less experience about the effects of gpi dbs on acquired dystonia, particularly dystonia due to cerebral palsy (dcp).Clinical and demographic outcome predictors for dbs in dystonia syndromes are also poorly defined.Our aim was to examine the efficacy and safety of gpi dbs for the treatment of generalized dcp.Fifteen patients with dcp up to 6.2 years after dbs surgery were studied.Only mild limb spasticity or mild static brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities were acceptable for inclusion.Dystonia severity and disability were assessed by the burke_fahn_marsden dystonia rating scale (bfmdrs), and health-related quality of life was assessed by the short form general health survey (sf-36) scale.The amount of energy delivered was calculated, and adverse events and side effects were collected.At last follow-up, bfmdrs motor score improved on average by 49.5%, and the disability score improved by 30%.Health-related quality of life improved in most patients.Age at implant, age at onset and disease duration did not correlate to outcome, whilst higher pre-operative dystonia severity and occurrence of spasticity were associated with poorer outcome.The patients received a stable amount of energy after the first 2 years post-implant and throughout all the observation period.There were few serious adverse events or side effects.The outcome was encouraging in the majority of dcp patients, with a stable outlook and a good safety profile.Reported events: 1.1 patient with deep brain stimulation (dbs) for generalized dystonia due to cerebral palsy experienced a transient seizure.2.1 patient with dbs for generalized dystonia due to cerebral palsy experienced hardware infection.It was noted that hardware re-implant or appropriate medical therapy resolved the problem.3.1 patient with dbs for generalized dystonia due to cerebral palsy experienced lead migration.It was noted that the cause of the migration was unexplained.The reporter stated that lead/hardware re-implant or appropriate medical therapy resolved the problem.4.1 patient with dbs for generalized dystonia due to cerebral palsy experienced unexplained switching-off of the implantable neurostimulator (ins).It was noted that this caused significant acute motor worsening.5.1 patient with dbs for generalized dystonia due to cerebral palsy experienced extra-cranial lead damage occurring during surgical procedure.The reporter stated that the patient suffered extra-cranial lead damage following head trauma.It was noted that lead/hardware re-implant or appropriate medical therapy resolved the problem.The source literature included the following device specifics: lead model 3389 and implantable neurostimulators soletra or activa sc further information has been requested; a supplemental report will be submitted if additional information is received.See attached literature article.
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