Medtronic received information from a journal article that a 14 mm pulmonary valved conduit was replaced five years after its implant due to observation of an aneurysm by echocardiography, angiography, and magnetic resonance tomography.The device had been implanted in the patient at 13 months of age.The issue was identified when a routine chest roentgenogram showed a right ventricular dilatation.Subsequent investigation showed enlargement of the right ventricle, a progressive increase of right ventricular pressure and stenosis at the supravalvular area with increased gradients.Post-explant findings included collagenization, mild foreign body reaction, pannus formation, extensive mineralization, and a torn leaflet.The patient underwent conduit replacement with a 15-mm homograft.No subsequent adverse patient effects were reported.The authors noted that aneurysmal dilatation of this model device had rarely been reported and usually was explained with increased pressure in the right ventricle, and that for this patient, proximal as well as distal aneurysmal dilatation of the conduit was observed, presumably as a result of the stenosis of the distal anastomosis caused by pannus formation and increasing stress of the wall of the conduit.
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