The reference (b)(4) has been allocated to this case by rayner.The patient underwent implantation of the c-flex 570c iol in their left eye prior to 2015.The patient medical history received identifies that the patient has diabetes and primary open angle glaucoma, categorised as severe.Iol implantation was not combined with any other ocular surgery; however, the patient is reported to have required multiple surgeries in the post-operative period, as detailed below: (b)(6) 2016: ahmed aqueous shunt implantation, tutoplast graft, right eye, primary open angle.(b)(6) 2019: baerveldt shunt implantation.(b)(6) 2019: baerveldt aqueous shunt implantation, left eye, primary open-angle glaucoma.(b)(6) 2019: scleral reinforcement with patch graft, left eye, primary open-angle glaucoma.Iol opacification was observed for the first time on (b)(6) 2020.The c-flex 570c iol remains implanted.Secondary calcification affects many manufacturers and is a phenomenon that is not fully understood; it is known that it stems from changes in the eye's environment due to patient comorbidity, secondary surgeries and potentially other, poorly understood interactions: off label use of intracameral alteplase (actilyse) (rtpa), multifactorial, igh phosphate content ophthalmic viscoelastic devices , repeated exposure to intracameral air, raised intraocular pressure, excessive post-operative inflammation, complicated, traumatised eyes, as a result of direct contact between the iol surface and the exogenous gas or substance, a metabolic change in the anterior chamber due to the presence of exogenous gas/substance in the eye or an exacerbated inflammatory reaction after multiple surgical procedures, trauma or repeat surgery involved in re-bubbling potentially disrupting the blood aqueous barrier, increasing concentration of calcium ions.Rayner ifus contraindicate "active ocular diseases (e.G., chronic severe uveitis, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, chronic glaucoma not responsive to medication".The patient's medical history and repeat ocular procedures for the treatment of their pre-existing medical conditions is likely to be a contributory factor to the onset of opacification in this case.
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