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Visual inspection: during the investigation, bloody residues were found on the valves.Permeability test: a permeability test has shown that all valves are permeable.During the permeability test bloody liquid were flushed out.Computer controlled test: to investigate the claim of malformation, the opening pressure is measured using a miethke computer controlled testing apparatus which simulates a cerebrospinal fluid flow.The valves are tested in both the horizontal as well as the vertical position.The results show that the valves do not operate within the permissible tolerance in their respective relevant position.Adjustment test: during the adjustment test it was determined that the progav 2.0 but not the m.Blue is adjustable in all pressure ranges.Braking force and brake function test: the brake function test has shown that the brake function works as expected for both valves; however, the braking force can only be measured for the progav 2.0 due to the non-adjustability of the m.Blues; this is within tolerance.Internal inspection: after dismantling of the valves, deposits were found in both valves.To make the deposits in the shunt system more visible, they were colored using a staining solution.Results: we would like to point out in advance that the product sent in was not immersed in liquid at the time of delivery.Testing valves sent in dry is only of limited value.The product properties can be influenced by dry residues of cerebrospinal fluid or blood.Nevertheless, we examined the valve.Based on our investigation results, we were able to determine a slowed outflow and non-adjustability on the m.Blue, as well as an accelerated outflow on the progav 2.0.The deposits visible in the valves may have led to the malfunctions.Deposits caused by natural substances in the body, such as protein, blood or tissue particles, are among the known and unavoidable risks and side effects of hydrocephalus therapy.Even small amounts of proteins can impair the integrity of the valve.We can exclude a defect at the time of release.The shunt system met all specifications of the final inspection when released from christoph miethke gmbh & co.Kg.No further regulatory actions are required from our point of view.
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