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This is a new implanting site for use of neurx diaphragm pacing system.The synapse biomedical chief medical officer provided educational support for the site's implanting team.Two operations with implantation of 8 total electrodes were planned and completed on 2 patients.One surgical operation went well with no difficulty with the team.Another more complex patient had an operative bleed requiring returns to the operating room to control the bleeding.The patient in this report of operative bleeding is a complex lung transplant patient who was critically ill with bilateral diaphragm dysfunction still on a ventilator requiring significant respiratory support.Pt was on ecmo because of difficulty with oxygenation.The patient already had a significant retroperitoneal bleed requiring laparotomy from placement of ecmo just days before with drains still in place because of the retroperitoneal oozing.The patient had heparin induced thrombocytopenia(hitt) complicating his post lung transplant course with some extremity losses.It also complicated the anti-coagulation needed for ecmo along with a necessary diaphragm pacing operation to help improve ventilation of his lungs with diaphragm pacing.Patient was on mechanical ventilation, critical life support and drainage catheters both in his chest prior to implantation, along with retroperitoneal drains from previous bleeding.During implantation of the right diaphragm electrodes after successful implantation of left diaphragm electrodes there was bleeding from an arterial vessel on the right diaphragm.Using the electrode delivery tool while placing the electrode between two vessels had bleeding from injury to one of the vessels.No malfunction of the device (electrode delivery tool) was alleged.The bleeding was controlled with suturing and hemostatic agents.The bleeding appeared controlled and surgery completed.Patient was transferred back to the icu in the same critical condition in which he was transferred initially for the surgery.This critical patient with previous bleeding events required two additional trips to the operating room to control bleeding which was eventually controlled.Given his critical events he did recover with eventual weaning from ecmo.He has been having intermittent use of diaphragm pacing fia the synapse biomedical neurx dps to help with his recovery of phrenic and diaphragm dysfunction.On discussion with the implanting surgeon, this patient had a significant risk of morbidity which includes bleeding given his critical nature.The use of the neurx dps in this patient was off label use but there was no other option to try to salvage the patient life and the transplanted lungs.Diaphragm that do not contract lead to significant collapse of the lung.The surgical team acknowledged that this was a higher risk patient, but the benefits had outweighed the risks.The team on that day was successful in 7 other electrode placements, with the electrode delivery tool operating as intended in all 8 electrode placements.Overall bleeding is a known risk of any surgical procedure including diaphragm pacing.We report this because the patient did require further surgical interventions to address operative bleeding.
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