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On (b)(6) 2025, a carbomedics top hat valve s5-023 was attempted to be implanted in a patient.Pre-procedure echo imaging measured aorta at approximately 20mm with a mean pg of 30.After initially using sizers and ruling out size 19 and 21mm, size 23mm top hat was selected based on sizing criteria.Device was implanted utilizing 12 stay sutures and cor knot system.Due to patient's small anatomy, the surgeon commented that there was little room to work around the valve during the implantation and the cor knot device was presenting some challenges.After device was implanted, aorta was closed, and patient was gradually brought off bypass and cross clamp was removed.Tee imaging at this time revealed a pvl at an area adjacent to the left coronary, the area the surgeon was stating that had little room when suturing.It was also determined that the cor knot probably perforated the aortic wall at that time contributing to the pvl.Options were discussed and it was decided to remove top hat and implant either a bioprosthetic aortic valve or another mechanical valve depending on the condition of the aorta post explant.Removing the top hat was challenging due to the snug fit.Reportedly, it was right up against stj area; and after succeeding with explant, it was decided that a conduit/mechanical valve would be the best course of action.A 19mm on-x conduit/mechanical aortic valve was selected and implanted.
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