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H10: additional manufacturer narrative: the investigation is still in progress; therefore, a conclusion has yet to be established.A supplemental report will be submitted accordingly upon investigation completion.Edwards will continue to review and monitor all reported events.Trends are monitored on a monthly basis and if action is required, appropriate investigation will be performed.
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Bioprosthetic tissue valves can deteriorate with time and eventually fail contributing to regurgitation and/or stenosis.Structural valve deterioration (svd) is the most common reason for bioprosthesis explants and encompasses multiple failure modes, including calcification, non-calcific degeneration, dehiscence, cusp thickening or fibrosis, or a combination of these.Such failure modes may occur singularly or concomitantly.Svd is a logical and expected consequence of the chemical, mechanical, and immunological processes associated with bhv implantation.The common endpoint of all these factors is calcification and degradation.Svd is an acquired condition, intrinsic to bioprosthetic valves, characterized by deterioration of the leaflets or supporting structures, leading to thickening, calcification, tearing, or disruption of the prosthetic valve materials.These changes result in valvular dysfunction manifesting as stenosis and/or regurgitation with a consequent drop in hemodynamic efficacy of the valve.Prior investigations and extensive literature review have shown that svd is predominantly related to patient factors and implant duration rather than to manufacturing issues.Events related to device design, manufacturing, or use error tend to manifest at an earlier implant duration.A device history record (dhr) review was performed, and no relevant non-conformances were identified.There is no evidence to suggest a manufacturing defect caused or contributed to the reported event.Based on the information available, the most likely root cause is patient factors, including coronary artery disease (cad), history of coronary artery bypass graft (cabg), hyperlipidemia (hld), smoking. = ppm: patient prosthesis mismatch (ppm) is present when the effective orifice area of the implanted bioprosthetic valve is too small in relation to body size.Literature indicates ppms main hemodynamic consequence is to generate higher than expected gradients through a normally functioning bioprosthetic valve.It has been shown to be associated with worse hemodynamic function, less regression of left ventricular hypertrophy, more cardiac events, and lower survival.Improperly sized valves with ppm can hasten the development of early degenerative changes and premature prosthetic valve dysfunction with varying degrees of prosthetic valve stenosis and regurgitation.Although ppm is a well-recognized phenomenon of bioprosthetic valves, it is most likely related to patient anatomical changes after long implant durations.When discovered intraoperatively or early post-operatively, ppm is most likely related to procedural factors, including specific patient assessment and valve model and size selection.There is no evidence to suggest a manufacturing defect caused or contributed to the reported event.The most likely root cause is procedural factors including, implantation of a small valve.Edwards will continue to review and monitor all reported events.Trends are monitored on a monthly basis and if action is required, appropriate investigation will be performed.
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It was reported that a patient with a 19mm 11500a valve, implanted in aortic position, underwent a valve-in-valve procedure after an implant duration of 2 years and 8 months due to degeneration, mild leaflet thickening, severe symptomatic stenosis.The patient presented with dyspnea on exertion and chest pressure.The tavr procedure was successfully performed with a 23mm non-edwards (evolut fx+) valve.The patient tolerated the procedure well and discharged on pod #1.Per medical records, pre-op echo showed av mean gradient 33mmhg, ava 1.1cm(squared).Tee showed ef 55% and presence of possible ppm (patient: bsa 1.63m2, ht.154cm, wt.65kg).
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