During product analysis is was found that the explanted lead had a lead break.A coil break was identified in both the positive and negative lead coils.Scanning electron microscopy images of the lead coils show that a stress-induced fracture (due to rotational forces) occurred at the coil ends.Secondary fractures were observed in at least two strands of the quadfilar coils.The negative coil shows what appears to be wear (flat surfaces) resulting in reduction of the strand diameter.Although not conclusive the appearance of the lead break location is consistent with patient manipulation of the implanted device, a ¿twiddler¿.The patient had reported painful stimulation for months and the identified coil breaks may confirm this to be a contributing factor.Other than the above mentioned observations and typical wear and explant related observations, no other anomalies were identified in the returned lead.
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