Hardness of all rongeur components was tested and found conforming to specifications.
Manufacturing records were reviewed and found to be conforming.
The instrument and broken-off tip were subject to microscopic examination.
Several deep indentations in the material indicate that it was used to cut and/or manipulate thin, hard objects such as metallic wire.
This does not correspond to its intended use (cutting of tissue and bone) and led to a reduction in material stability.
Evidence of unauthorized third-party repairs was also observed, e.
G.
Grinding of tip and cutting edges as well as of the shaft guide, which was shortened at the distal end, thus also reducing material stability and increasing the risk of fracture.
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