The explanted lead and generator were received.Various electrical loads were attached to the pulse generator and results of diagnostic tests demonstrate that accurate resistance measurements were obtained in all instances.A comprehensive automated electrical evaluation showed that the pulse generator performed according to functional specifications.There were performance or any other type of adverse conditions found with the pulse generator.During the visual analysis of the lead, electrode quadfilar coil appeared to be broken.Scanning electron microscopy was performed and identified the area as being mechanically damaged which prevented identification of the coil fracture type, no pitting and residual material on two of the broken coil strands.Residual material was observed on the coil surface.Scanning electron microscopy was performed on the other end and identified the area as being mechanically damaged which prevented identification of the coil fracture type, fine pitting and residual material on three of the broken coil strands.Pitting and residual material was observed on the coil surface.It is believed that stimulation was present for a certain period of time as evidenced by the presence of metal pitting.Low magnification sem analysis of the quadfilar coil shows characteristics typical of a lead discontinuity which may include: material fracture, rough or pitted surface, thinned material thickness, electro-etching or material dissolution.With the exception of the observed discontinuity the condition of the returned lead portions is consistent with conditions that typically exist following an explant procedure.No other obvious anomalies were noted.The setscrew marks found on the lead connector pins provide evidence that, at one point in time, a good mechanical and electrical connection was present.Continuity checks of the returned lead portions were performed, during the visual analysis, and no other discontinuities were identified.
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