• Decrease font size
  • Return font size to normal
  • Increase font size
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Recognized Consensus Standards: Medical Devices

  • Print
  • Share
  • E-mail
-
401 to 500 of 1740 Results
 < 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 > 
Results per Page
New Search export reports to excelExport to Excel HelpStandards Search Assistance
Date of
Entry
Sort by Date [Old to new]
Sort by Date [New to old]
Specialty Task
Group Area
Sort by Specialty Task Group Area [A-Z]
Sort by Specialty Task Group Area [Z-A]
Recognition
Number
Sort by Recognition Number [0-9]
Sort by Recognition Number [9-0]
Extent of
Recognition
Sort by Extent of Recognition [A-Z]
Sort by Extent of Recognition [Z-A]
Standards
Developing
Organization

Standard Designation
Number and Date
 

Standard Title
(click for recognition information)
 
05/26/2025 General I (QS/
RM)
5-144 Complete ISO 80369-20 Second edition 2024-11 Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 20: Common test methods
07/06/2020 General I (QS/
RM)
5-130 Complete ISO 7010 Third edition 2019-07 Graphical symbols - Safety colours and safety signs - Registered safety signs
12/19/2022 General I (QS/
RM)
5-141 Complete ASME V&V 20-2009 (R2021) Standard for Verification and Validation in Computational Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer
12/19/2022 General I (QS/
RM)
5-137 Complete IEC TR 60878 Ed. 4.0 2022-11 Graphical symbols for electrical equipment in medical practice [Including: Corrigendum 1 (2023)]
12/19/2022 General I (QS/
RM)
5-136 Complete ASTM D4332-22 Standard Practice for Conditioning Containers, Packages, or Packaging Components for Testing
12/22/2025 General I (QS/
RM)
5-147 Complete ISO 80369-1 Third edition 2025-10 Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 1: General requirements
01/14/2019 General I (QS/
RM)
5-121 Complete ISO 80369-1 Second edition 2018-11 Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 1: General requirements
12/22/2025 General I (QS/
RM)
5-146 Complete ISO 80369-6 Second edition 2025-05 Small bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 6: Connectors for neuraxial applications
12/20/2021 General I (QS/
RM)
5-134 Complete ISO 15223-1 Fourth edition 2021-07 Medical devices - Symbols to be used with information to be supplied by the manufacturer - Part 1: General requirements
09/17/2018 General I (QS/
RM)
5-42 Complete ASTM D903-98 (Reapproved 2017) Standard Test Methods for Peel or Stripping Strength of Adhesive Bonds
12/19/2022 General I (QS/
RM)
5-140 Complete ASME V&V 10-2019 Standard for Verification and Validation in Computational Solid Mechanics
12/19/2022 General I (QS/
RM)
5-139 Complete ISO 18250-3 First edition 2018-06 Medical devices - Connectors for reservoir delivery systems for healthcare applications - Part 3: Enteral application
07/06/2020 General I (QS/
RM)
5-129 Complete IEC 62366-1 Edition 1.1 2020-06 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Medical devices - Part 1: Application of usability engineering to medical devices
ANSI AAMI IEC 62366-1:2015+AMD1:2020 (Consolidated Text) Medical devices Part 1: Application of usability engineering to medical devices, including Amendment 1
01/14/2019 General I (QS/
RM)
5-122 Complete ASME V&V 40-2018 Assessing Credibility of Computational Modeling Through Verification and Validation: Application to Medical Devices
07/06/2020 General I (QS/
RM)
5-128 Complete ISTA 3E 2017 Similar Packaged-Products in Unitized Loads of Truckload Shipment
12/23/2016 General I (QS/
RM)
5-113 Complete ASTM D7386-16 Standard Practice for Performance Testing of Packages for Single Delivery Systems
01/14/2019 General I (QS/
RM)
5-120 Complete IEC 60812 Edition 3.0 2018-08 Analysis techniques for system reliability - Procedure for failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA)
12/21/2020 General I (QS/
RM)
5-131 Complete IEC 60601-1-8 Edition 2.2 2020-07 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-8: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: General requirements, tests and guidance for alarm systems in medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems
ANSI AAMI IEC 60601-1-8:2006 and A1:2012 [Including AMD 2:2021] Medical Electrical Equipment - Part 1-8: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: General requirements, tests and guidance for alarm systems in medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems [Including Amendment 2 (2021)]
12/21/2020 General I (QS/
RM)
5-132 Complete IEC 60601-1-6 Edition 3.2 2020-07 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-6: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral standard: Usability
04/04/2016 General I (QS/
RM)
5-98 Complete ANSI ESD S20.20-2014 Standard for the Development of an Electrostatic Discharge Control Program for Protection of Electrical and Electronic Parts, Assemblies and Equipment (Excluding Electrically Initiated Explosive Devices)
07/06/2020 General I (QS/
RM)
5-126 Complete ISTA 3A 2018 Packaged-Products for Parcel Delivery System Shipment 70 kg (150 lb) or Less
05/25/2026 General I (QS/
RM)
5-149 Complete ISO 20417 Second edition 2026-03 Medical devices - Information to be supplied by the manufacturer
07/06/2020 General I (QS/
RM)
5-127 Complete ISTA 3B 2017 Packaged-Products for Less-Than-Truckload (LTL) Shipment
12/19/2022 General I (QS/
RM)
5-135 Complete ISO 20417 First edition 2021-04 Corrected version 2021-12 Medical devices - Information to be supplied by the manufacturer
08/21/2017 General I (QS/
RM)
5-107 Complete IEC 80369-5: Edition 1.0 2016-03 Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 5: Connectors for limb cuff inflation applications.[Including Corrigendum 1 (2017) and Corrigendum 2 (2021)]
ANSI AAMI ISO 80369-5:2016 Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 5: Connectors for limb cuff inflation applications
08/14/2015 General I (QS/
RM)
5-97 Complete ISO 80369-20 First edition 2015-05-15 Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 20: Common test methods
ANSI AAMI ISO 80369-20:2015 Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 20: Common test methods
12/23/2019 General I (QS/
RM)
5-125 Complete ISO 14971 Third Edition 2019-12 Medical devices - Application of risk management to medical devices
ANSI AAMI ISO 14971: 2019 Medical devices - Applications of risk management to medical devices
07/15/2019 General I (QS/
RM)
5-123 Complete ISO 80369-3 First Edition 2016-07-01 Small-bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 3: Connectors for enteral applications [Including AMENDMENT 1 (2019)].
01/30/2014 General I (QS/
RM)
5-47 Complete ISO 10012 First edition 2003-01-15 Measurement management systems - Requirements for measurement processes and measuring equipment
05/26/2025 General I (QS/
RM)
5-145 Complete IEC 60417:2025 DB Graphical symbols for use on equipment
01/30/2014 General I (QS/
RM)
5-84 Complete AAMI TIR 49:2013/(R)2020 Technical Information Report Design of training and instructional materials for medical devices used in non-clinical environments
01/27/2015 General I (QS/
RM)
5-48 Complete ANSI Z1.9-2003 (R2018) Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Variables for Percent Nonconforming
01/27/2015 General I (QS/
RM)
5-62 Complete ANSI ASQ Z1.4-2003 (R2018) Sampling Procedures and Tables for Inspection by Attributes
12/23/2019 General I (QS/
RM)
5-124 Complete ISO 7000 Sixth edition 2019-07 Graphical symbols for use on equipment - Registered symbols
05/29/2024 General I (QS/
RM)
5-142 Complete ISO 780 Fifth edition 2015-12-01 Packaging - Distribution packaging - Graphical symbols for handling and storage of packages
06/27/2016 General I (QS/
RM)
5-108 Complete ISO 80369-6 First Edition 2016-03-15 Small bore connectors for liquids and gases in healthcare applications - Part 6: Connectors for neuraxial applications.
12/22/2025 General I (QS/
RM)
5-148 Complete ISO 15223-1 Fourth edition 2021-07 [Including AMD1: 2025] Medical devices - Symbols to be used with information to be supplied by the manufacturer - Part 1: General requirements [Including Amendment 1 (2025)]
12/19/2022 General I (QS/
RM)
5-138 Complete AAMI TIR66: 2017/(R)2025 Guidance for the creation of physiologic data and waveform databases to demonstrate reasonable assurance of the safety and effectiveness of alarm system algorithms
07/09/2014 General I (QS/
RM)
5-88 Complete ISO 2859-1 Second edition 1999-11-15 Sampling procedures for inspection by attributes - Part 1: Sampling schemes indexed by acceptance quality limit (AQL) for lot-by-lot inspection [Including: Technical Corrigendum 1 (2001), Amendment 1 (2011)]
06/27/2016 General I (QS/
RM)
5-57 Partial ANSI AAMI HE75:2009/(R)2018 Human factors engineering - Design of medical devices
12/21/2020 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-36 Partial IEC 60601-1-2 Edition 4.1 2020-09 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic disturbances - Requirements and tests
ANSI AAMI IEC 60601-1-2:2014 [Including AMD 1:2021] Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-2: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Electromagnetic disturbances - Requirements and tests [Including Amendment 1 (2021)]
12/20/2021 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-43 Partial IEC 61326-2-6 Edition 3.0 2020-10 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - EMC requirements - Part 2-6: Particular requirements - In vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical equipment
09/17/2018 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-19 Partial IEC TR 60601-4-2 Edition 1.0 2016-05 Medical electrical equipment - Part 4-2: Guidance and interpretation - Electromagnetic immunity: performance of medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems
05/29/2024 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-50 Partial IEC TS 60601-4-2 Edition 1.0 2024-03 Medical electrical equipment - Part 4-2: Guidance and interpretation - Electromagnetic immunity: performance of medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems
12/21/2020 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-38 Partial IEC 60601-1-11 Edition 2.1 2020-07 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-11: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Requirements for medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems used in the home healthcare environment
12/23/2024 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-52 Complete UL 2054 Third Edition November 17, 2021 Standard For Safety Household and Commercial Batteries
12/20/2021 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-42 Partial IEC 61326-1 Edition 3.0 2020-10 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - EMC requirements - Part 1: General requirements
07/09/2014 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-10 Complete UL 1642 5th Edition Lithium Batteries
05/30/2022 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-46 Complete ANSI AAMI ES60601-1:2005/(R)2012 & A1:2012, C1:2009/(R)2012 & A2:2010/(R)2012 (Cons. Text) [Incl. AMD2:2021] Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance (IEC 60601-1:2005, MOD) [Including Amendment 2 (2021)]
12/23/2016 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-20 Complete IEEE ANSI C63.16-2016 (Revision of ANSI C63.16-1993) American National Standard Guide for Electrostatic Discharge Test Methodologies and Acceptance Criteria for Electronic Equipment
12/23/2019 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-32 Complete IEC 62133-1 Edition 1.0 2017-02 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications - Part 1: Nickel systems
06/07/2021 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-40 Complete IEC 60086-4 Edition 5.0 2019-04 Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries [Including: Corrigendum 1 (2019) and Corrigendum 2 (2020)]
12/21/2020 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-37 Complete IEC 60601-1-10 Edition 1.2 2020-07 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-10: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Requirements for the development of physiologic closed-loop controllers
12/21/2020 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-39 Complete IEC 60601-1-12 Edition 1.1 2020-07 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-12: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Requirements for medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems intended for use in the emergency medical services environment
ANSI AAMI IEC 60601-1-12:2016 [Including AMD 1:2021] Medical electrical equipment - Part 1-12: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Collateral Standard: Requirements for medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems intended for use in the emergency [Including Amendment 1(2021)]
08/21/2017 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-25 Complete IEC 62485-1 Edition 1.0 2015-04 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 1: General safety information.
12/20/2021 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-41 Complete ANSI UL 61010-1 3rd Ed, dated May 12, 2012 with revision through July 19, 2019 Standard for Safety for Electrical Equipment For Measurement, Control and Laboratory Use; Part 1: General Requirements
07/15/2019 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-35 Complete UL Standard for Standby Batteries 1989 Edition 5, 2013-10-02, ANSI November 2018
12/19/2022 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-48 Complete IEEE ANSI USEMCSC C63.27-2021 American National Standard for Evaluation of Wireless Coexistence
08/21/2017 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-26 Complete IEC 62485-2 Edition 1.0 2010-06 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 2: Stationary batteries.
08/21/2017 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-28 Complete IEC 62485-4 Edition 1.0 2015-01 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 4: Valve-regulated lead-acid batteries for use in portable appliances
05/26/2025 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-55 Complete IEC 62133-2 Edition 1.1 2021-07 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications - Part 2: Lithium systems
12/23/2019 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-33 Complete IEC 62133-2 Edition1.0 2017-02 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications - Part 2: Lithium systems
05/26/2025 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-56 Complete IEC 60086-4 Edition 6.0 2025-01 Primary batteries - Part 4: Safety of lithium batteries
07/28/2025 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-57 Complete IEC 61326-2-6 Edition 4.0 2025-06 Electrical equipment for measurement, control and laboratory use - EMC requirements - Part 2-6: Particular requirements - In vitro diagnostic (IVD) medical equipment
08/21/2017 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-27 Complete IEC 62485-3 Edition 2.0 2014-07 Safety requirements for secondary batteries and battery installations - Part 3: Traction batteries
12/20/2021 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-44 Complete IEEE ANSI C63.24-2021 American National Standard - Recommended Practice for In Situ RF Immunity Evaluation of Electronic Devices and Systems
08/21/2017 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-22 Complete AAMI TIR69:2017/(R2020) Technical Information Report Risk management of radio-frequency wireless coexistence for medical devices and systems.
02/07/2022 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-45 Complete AIM Standard 7351731 Rev. 3.00 2021-06-04 Medical Electrical Equipment and System Electromagnetic Immunity Test for Exposure to Radio Frequency Identification Readers - An AIM Standard
05/30/2022 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-47 Complete ANSI AAMI HA60601-1-11:2015 [Including AMD1:2021] Medical Electrical Equipment -- Part 1-11: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance -- Collateral Standard: Requirements for medical electrical equipment and medical electrical equipment and medical electrical systems used in the home healthcare environment (IEC 60601-1-11:2015 MOD) [Including Amendment1 (2021)]
09/17/2018 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-31 Complete IEEE ANSI C63.15-2017 (Revision of ANSI C63.15-2010) American National Standard Recommended Practice for the Immunity Measurement of Electrical and Electronic Equipment
04/03/2023 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-34 Complete IEC 61010-1 Edition 3.1 2017-01 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Safety requirements for electrical equipment for measurement, control, and laboratory use - Part 1: General requirements [Including: Corrigendum 1 (2019)] - Note: This standard is recognized with relevant US national differences applied, see reference #1 in Relevant FDA Guidance and/or Supportive Publication section
12/23/2019 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-13 Complete IEC 62133 Edition 2.0 2012-12 Secondary cells and batteries containing alkaline or other non-acid electrolytes - Safety requirements for portable sealed secondary cells, and for batteries made from them, for use in portable applications [Including: Corrigendum 1 (2013)]
04/03/2023 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-49 Complete IEC 60601-1 Edition 3.2 2020-08 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Medical electrical equipment - Part 1: General requirements for basic safety and essential performance - Note: This standard is recognized with relevant US national differences applied, see references #1 and #2 in the Relevant FDA Guidance and/or Supportive Publication section below.
04/04/2016 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-17 Complete IEEE ANSI C63.18-2014 American National Standard Recommended Practice for an On-Site, Ad Hoc Test Method for Estimating Electromagnetic Immunity of Medical Devices to Radiated Radio-Frequency (RF) Emissions from RF Transmitters
12/23/2024 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-51 Complete UL 1642 Sixth Edition September 29, 2020 Standard For Safety Lithium Batteries
07/09/2014 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-11 Complete UL 2054 2nd Edition Household and Commercial Batteries
12/23/2024 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-53 Complete IEC TS 60601-4-6 Edition 1.0 2024-04 Medical electrical equipment - Part 4-6: Guidance and interpretation - Voluntary guidance to help achieve basic safety and essential performance with regard to the possible effects of electromagnetic disturbances
05/26/2025 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-54 Complete IEC 60086-5 Edition 5.0 2021-09 Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte [Including: Corrigendum 1 (2022)]
08/21/2017 General II (ES/
EMC)
19-24 Complete IEC 60086-5 Edition 4.0 2016-07 Primary batteries - Part 5: Safety of batteries with aqueous electrolyte
06/07/2018 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-270 Complete ASTM F1840-10 (Reapproved 2023) Standard Terminology for Surgical Suture Needles
06/07/2018 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-404 Complete ISO 7886-1 Second edition 2017-05 Sterile hypodermic syringes for single use - Part 1: Syringes for manual use
08/06/2013 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-179 Complete ISO 21649 First edition 2006-06-01 Needle-free injectors for medical use -- Requirements and test methods
05/29/2024 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-501 Complete ISO 15747 Third edition 2018-09 Plastic containers for intravenous injections
05/29/2024 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-500 Complete IEC 63045 Edition 1.0 2020-05 Ultrasonics - Non-focusing short pressure pulse sources including ballistic pressure pulse sources - Characteristics of fields
12/22/2025 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-519 Complete ASTM F2101-25 Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) of Medical Face Mask Materials, Using a Biological Aerosol of Staphylococcus aureus
12/23/2019 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-438 Complete IEC 80601-2-77 Edition 1.0 2019-07 Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-77: Particular requirements for the BASIC SAFETY and essential performance of ROBOTICALLY ASSISTED SURGICAL EQUIPMENT
ANSI AAMI IEC 80601-2-77:2020 Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-77: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of robotically assisted surgical equipment
12/23/2024 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-503 Complete ISO 16571 Second edition 2024-03 Systems for evacuation of plume generated by medical device
05/29/2023 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-492 Complete ASTM F2100-23 Standard Specification for Performance of Materials Used in Medical Face Masks
05/26/2025 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-512 Complete IEC 60601-2-35 Edition 2.1 2023-12 CONSOLIDATED VERSION Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-35: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of heating devices using blankets, pads and mattresses and intended for heating in medical use
05/26/2025 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-506 Complete ISO 8536-2 Fourth edition 2023-01 Infusion equipment for medical use - Part 2: Closures for infusion bottles
08/20/2012 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-242 Complete ISO 8536-2 Third edition 2010-03-15 Infusion equipment for medical use - Part 2: Closures for infusion bottles
05/26/2025 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-511 Complete ISO 11040-4 Fourth edition 2024-06 Prefilled syringes - Part 4: Glass barrels for injectables and sterilized subassembled syringes ready for filling
05/26/2025 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-509 Complete ASTM F3186-24 Standard Specification for Adult Portable Bed Rails and Related Products
05/29/2023 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-493 Complete ASTM F2101-23 Standard Test Method for Evaluating the Bacterial Filtration Efficiency (BFE) of Medical Face Mask Materials, Using a Biological Aerosol of Staphylococcus aureus
12/22/2025 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-520 Complete ASTM F3352/F3352M-23b Standard Specification for Isolation Gowns Intended for Use in Healthcare Facilities
12/21/2020 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-450 Complete IEC 60601-2-50 Edition 3.0 2020-09 Medical electrical equipment - Part 2-50: Particular requirements for the basic safety and essential performance of infant phototherapy equipment
12/23/2019 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-426 Complete ISO 23907-1 First edition 2019-01 Sharps injury protection - Requirements and test methods - Sharps containers
12/22/2025 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-515 Complete ASTM D6499-24 Standard Test Method for Immunological Measurement of Antigenic Protein in Hevea Natural Rubber (HNR) and its Products
01/14/2019 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-411 Complete ASTM D6499-18 Standard Test Method for Immunological Measurement of Antigenic Protein in Hevea Natural Rubber (HNR) and its Products
12/22/2025 General Plastic Surgery/
General Hospital
6-514 Complete ISO 1135-4 Seventh edition 2025-05 Transfusion equipment for medical use-Part 4: Transfusion sets for single use, gravity feed
 
 < 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 10 
 > 
 
-
-